Mitochondrial Peptide · AMPK Pathway Research

MOTS-c

Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA Type-C · Mitokinea

MOTS-c is a mitochondria-encoded peptide that functions as a mitokine, a signaling molecule produced by mitochondria that regulates metabolic homeostasis. Research has investigated its potential to activate AMPK, support insulin sensitivity, and influence metabolic efficiency and exercise performance. It represents a relatively novel area of longevity biology with promising but still-emerging evidence. All use is investigational.

Proposed research mechanisms: AMPK activation · Potential insulin sensitization · Influence on mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species · Metabolic gene expression modulation.

Typical Administration

Subcutaneous injection · Weekly or bi-weekly · Clinician-designed cycling protocol

Pineal Peptide · Telomere Biology Research

Epithalon

Epithalamin · Tetrapeptide · Pineal Gland Peptide

Epithalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide derived from the pineal gland extract Epithalamin. Research has investigated its potential to stimulate telomerase activity, an area of significant interest in longevity biology. Additional research areas include melatonin regulation, circadian biology support, and antioxidant properties. Evidence is primarily from older Soviet-era research and limited modern studies. Human clinical data remains limited.

Investigational compound. Not FDA-approved. Limited human clinical evidence available, disclosed fully at consultation. Compounding availability is subject to current regulations.

• Investigational compound. Not FDA-approved. Compounding availability subject to current regulations. Full regulatory disclosure, evidence review, and informed consent required.

Typical Administration

Subcutaneous injection · Cyclical protocol, typically a 10-day course, 2–4 times per year

Cellular Energy Coenzyme · Longevity Protocol Anchor

NAD+

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide · IV or Subcutaneous

NAD+ is not technically a peptide, but it anchors every serious longevity protocol. It is the coenzyme present in every living cell, essential for cellular energy production, DNA repair, and sirtuin activation. NAD+ levels decline significantly with age, and restoration via IV infusion or subcutaneous injection achieves systemic concentrations that oral precursors cannot match. At Arbour Longevity, NAD+ is available as an IV infusion (loading series) or subcutaneous injection for maintenance protocols, with full safety and evidence disclosure.

Typical Administration

IV infusion, loading series for fastest systemic delivery · Subcutaneous injection, maintenance protocols